Published by Fair Carbon, this policy brief assesses blue carbon readiness across regions, identifying policy, institutional and financing conditions needed to scale high-integrity mangrove and coastal wetland credits, strengthen safeguards, and mobilise investment aligned with national climate and development goals.
ICVCM’s report assesses progress in implementing the Core Carbon Principles, showing how CCP-approved programs and methodologies are strengthening market integrity, restoring buyer confidence, and supporting alignment between voluntary markets, national policies and Article 6.
IETA’s report provides a detailed overview of compliance and voluntary carbon markets in 2025. It reviews Article 6 readiness, ETS growth, CORSIA’s first operational phase, evolving VCM demand signals and the rise of high-integrity credits. The report analyses governance gaps, data and registry interoperability, legal clarity and digital MRV as critical enablers of scale. It highlights how emerging policy frameworks and corporate demand are driving a new phase of integration across global carbon markets.
Published by AFD, this briefing examines the structural complexity of carbon credits and the institutional factors shaping carbon market integrity. It details technical risks, additionality, permanence, over-crediting, leakage and double counting, and how information asymmetry affects credit quality. The paper reviews ICVCM, VCMI, Article 6 and registry reforms, arguing that alignment with NDCs, legal clarity and transparent infrastructure are essential for a high-integrity VCM.
This UNDP toolkit provides practical guidance for countries establishing high-integrity participation in carbon markets. It covers legal and institutional readiness, safeguards, MRV systems, Article 6 alignment, crediting programme participation and claim governance. It includes tools on stakeholder engagement, transparency, data systems and integrating market approaches into national climate strategies.
IETA’s policy paper sets out key issues for carbon markets at COP30, covering implementation challenges under Articles 6.2 and 6.4, early findings from Technical Expert Reviews, and ongoing debates on permanence, authorisation and MCUs. It reviews CDM transition progress, highlights non-negotiated initiatives such as the TFFF, AAA6 and CGCM Shared Principles, and links market alignment to the Baku-to-Belém climate-finance roadmap and the new NCQG.
Published by IETA and PwC, this sentiment survey examines expectations across ETS, CBAM, CORSIA, Article 6 and the voluntary carbon market. It finds cautious optimism, persistent uncertainty on timelines and governance, and convergence around integrity, transparency and long-term price signals heading toward 2030.
Published by Patch, this practical guide helps companies procure high-integrity carbon credits. It outlines buying pathways, contract types, and risk factors, with RFP and due-diligence tools to ensure integrity and value. Case studies from Bain, Nokia, DocuSign, and Etsy show how to structure timelines, manage pricing, and align purchases with credible claims.
AlliedOffsets introduces a forecasting model for the VCM, simulating credit demand under various market conditions through 2030. Scenarios reflect divergent buyer behavior, regulatory signals, and investor sentiment. The baseline scenario projects steady growth in retirements, while an optimistic scenario sees near 1 GtCO₂e retired annually by 2030. It identifies market levers (e.g. Scope 3 frameworks, policy alignment, pricing clarity) that could influence uptake. The model helps guide strategy for developers, buyers, and intermediaries navigating future carbon market dynamics.
Published by S&P Global, this whitepaper shows how registries are the backbone of credible carbon markets. It details policy options for countries to design fit-for-purpose systems, linking domestic registries with Article 6 mechanisms and voluntary standards. Key principles include interoperability, governance, and data security to enhance trust and access to finance for climate action. Case examples illustrate how registry architecture enables transparency and alignment with national goals.